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Stanislav Hubacek
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STORAGE.md
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STORAGE.md
@@ -85,6 +85,164 @@ RADOS (Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Store)
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- Vyšší CPU režie, nižší IOPS
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- Doporučeno pro cold data (RGW) místo replikace
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## Výrobci enterprise storage
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### Hitachi VSP (Virtual Storage Platform)
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | IOPS / Latence | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|----------------|-----------|----------|
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| **VSP 5200/5600** | Active-active, scale-up/out, 2–12 controllerů | 69.3 PB raw, 287 PBe | 33M IOPS, 39 µs | FC-NVMe 32Gb, FC 16/32Gb, FICON 16Gb, iSCSI 10Gb | Mission-critical, mainframe, enterprise consolidation |
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| **VSP E590/E790/E1090** | Symmetric active-active, až 65 nodů/130 controllerů | 10.62 PB raw (E1090) | 8.4M IOPS, <41 µs | FC 32Gb, iSCSI 25Gb, FC-NVMe 32Gb | Midrange enterprise, hybrid workloads |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: SVOS společný pro celé portfolio, AI-driven data reduction 4:1 garance, Global-Active Device metro clustering, 8 nines availability (HW), 100% data availability guarantee.
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---
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### Huawei OceanStor Dorado
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | IOPS / Latence | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|----------------|-----------|----------|
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| **Dorado 8000/18000 V6** | SmartMatrix full-mesh, až 32 controllerů | 32 TB cache, 6400 SSD | 40M IOPS, 0.05 ms | FC 32/64Gb, FC-NVMe, iSCSI, NFS, SMB, NVMe/RoCE, S3 | Mission-critical, finance, govt, carrier |
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| **Dorado 8000/18000 V7 (2025)** | SmartMatrix 4.0, až 64/128 controllerů | 500 PB+ | >100M IOPS, 0.03 ms | FC, RoCE, NVMe/TCP, NFS, SMB, S3 | AI workloads, converged block/file/object |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: SmartMatrix přežije 7/8 controllerů, FlashEver (3-gen online HW upgrade za 10 let), RAID-TP (triple SSD failure), DPU-based SmartNIC, ML-based I/O prefetch, 100% ransomware detection (Tolly), #1 SPC-1 benchmark.
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---
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### Dell PowerStore & PowerMax
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | IOPS / Latence | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|----------------|-----------|----------|
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| **PowerStore 1500/5500/9500 (Gen 3)** | Active-active dual-node, PCIe Gen5, DDR5, RDMA 200GbE | 1.2 PB raw, 5.8 PBe | 3× IOPS oproti Gen2 | FC 32/64Gb, iSCSI, NVMe/FC, NVMe/TCP, NFSv4, SMB3 | Midrange-to-high-end, VMware, containerized |
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| **PowerMax 2500/8500** | Scale-out NVMe, Dynamic Fabric, až 16 nodů | 8.8 PBe (2500), 18 PBe (8500) | 6 nines availability | FC 64Gb, FICON, NVMe/FC, NVMe/TCP, iSCSI, NFS, SMB | Mission-critical, mainframe, OLTP, cyber vault |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: PowerStore 6:1 DRR garance, unified block/file/vVols out of box, Cyber Detect AI anomaly; PowerMax 5:1 DRR, Secure Snapshots 65M, SRDF/Metro, Flexible RAID až 92% efficient, FIPS 140-3.
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---
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### HPE Alletra
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | IOPS / Latence | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|----------------|-----------|----------|
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| **Alletra 5000** | Active-active hybrid flash, dual controller | 1.2 PB raw | 99.9999% garance | FC, iSCSI | Mixed primary + secondary, cost-efficient hybrid |
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| **Alletra 6000** | Active-active all-NVMe, dual controller | ~368 TB usable | <100 µs | FC, iSCSI | Business-critical DB, VDI, VMware |
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| **Alletra 9000** | Active-active all-NVMe, multi-node scale-out | 2–4 PB+ usable | ~2–3M IOPS, <150 µs | FC, iSCSI, NVMe/FC | Mission-critical ERP, AI, consolidation |
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| **Alletra Storage MP** | Disaggregated modular, block + file + object | 5.8 PB block, 11.8 PB object | 100% availability garance | FC, iSCSI, NVMe/FC, NFS, SMB, S3 | Multi-protocol consolidation, AI/analytics |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: Triple Parity RAID (5000), InfoSight AI Ops, HPE GreenLake as-a-service, non-disruptive controller upgrades (MP), 100% data availability guarantee.
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---
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### Infinidat
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | IOPS / Latence | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|----------------|-----------|----------|
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| **InfiniBox SSA G4** | Triple-active controller, AMD EPYC PCIe 5.0, DDR5 | 1.97 PB usable / 5.9 PBe | 2.24M IOPS, 35 µs | FC 32Gb, 25/100GbE, NVMe-oF/TCP, iSCSI, NFS, SMB, S3 | Mission-critical Oracle/SQL, multi-site DR |
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| **InfiniBox G4 Hybrid** | Triple-active hybrid (HDD + flash cache) | 10.9 PB raw / 32.8 PBe | 2.24M IOPS, 64 GB/s | FC, Ethernet, NVMe-oF, iSCSI, NFS, SMB, S3 | Backup, massive unstructured data |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: 3-way active jediný na trhu, Neural Cache (ML-driven), InfiniRAID, Immutable snapshots, 100% availability + 1-min snapshot recovery garance, vše v základní ceně (žádný extra licensing).
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---
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### Pure Storage FlashArray
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | IOPS / Latence | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|----------------|-----------|----------|
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| **FlashArray//X (X20–X90 R5)** | Active-active, NVMe DirectFlash | 1.2 PB raw / 4.4 PBe | 250 µs, 5:1 DRR | FC, NVMe/FC, NVMe/RoCE, NVMe/TCP, iSCSI, NFS, SMB | Mission-critical DB, VMware, enterprise |
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| **FlashArray//C (C50–C90 R5)** | Active-active, QLC DirectFlash | 4.2 PB raw / 16.3 PBe | 5:1 DRR | FC, NVMe-oF, iSCSI, NFS, SMB | Capacity-optimized, backup, file |
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| **FlashArray//XL (XL190)** | Active-active, 40 DirectFlash modulů | 1.9 PB raw / 9.4 PBe | >4M IOPS, <100 µs, 45 GB/s | FC 64Gb, 100GbE RoCE, NVMe/FC, NVMe/TCP, NFS, SMB | Největší DB konsolidace, OLTP |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: DirectFlash (bez FTL vrstvy), 99.9999% availability, Evergreen (nikdy forklift upgrade), Purity OS jednotný napříč celým portfoliem, ActiveCluster/ActiveDR, Pure1 AIOps.
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---
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### Lenovo ThinkSystem
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | IOPS / Latence | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|----------------|-----------|----------|
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| **DM Series** (DM3200F/5200F/7200F) | Active-active, all-NVMe, NetApp ONTAP | 1.8 PB raw / 6.8 PBe | Až 120 NVMe SSD | FC 64Gb, iSCSI, NVMe/FC, NFS, SMB, S3 | Unified block/file, AI/ML, VMware |
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| **DG Series** (DG5200/7200) | Active-active, all-QLC, ONTAP | 7.4 PB raw / 27 PBe | QLC ekonomie | FC, NVMe/FC, NVMe/TCP, iSCSI, NFS, SMB, S3 | Capacity-optimized, backup, archive |
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| **DE Series** (DE4000F–DE6600F) | Active-active, SAS/NVMe hybrid | 1.84 PB raw | 2M IOPS, <100 µs, 44 GB/s | FC 32Gb, iSCSI 25Gb, NVMe/FC, SAS, NVMe/RoCE | HPC, analytics, video surveillance |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: DM/DG využívají ONTAP (SnapMirror, SnapVault, FabricPool, RAID-DP/RAID-TEC); cluster scale-out až 12 HA párů; DE série nejlepší poměr cena/výkon v portfoliu.
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---
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### Synology
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| Model | Architektura | Max kapacita | Protokoly | Use case |
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|-------|-------------|--------------|-----------|----------|
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| **UC3200/UC3400** | Active-active dual-controller, SAS backend | 576 TB raw | iSCSI, FC 16Gb, 10/25GbE | SMB/midmarket SAN, VMware, HA |
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| **DS/RS Series** (RS3626xs+, RS6426xs+) | Single-controller / HA pair, Btrfs | 864 TB raw, 1 PB volume | SMB, NFS, iSCSI, FC (HBA) | SME all-in-one NAS/SAN, backup, surveillance |
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**Klíčové vlastnosti**: DSM UC pro SAN, Synology HA, Snapshot Replication (16K snapshots), VMware VAAI/ODX/ALUA, Surveillance Station, nízké TCO.
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---
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### Srovnání vendorů — přehled
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| Vendor | Flagship | Max IOPS | Max kapacita | Latence | Garance availability | Hlavní diferentiátor |
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|--------|----------|----------|-------------|---------|---------------------|----------------------|
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| **Hitachi** | VSP 5600 | 33M | 287 PBe | 39 µs | 8 nines (HW) | Mainframe + open; 65-node cluster |
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| **Huawei** | Dorado 18000 V7 | >100M | 500 PB+ | 0.03 ms | 99.99999% | SmartMatrix; #1 SPC-1 |
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| **Dell** | PowerMax 8500 | — | 18 PBe | — | 6 nines | SRDF/Metro; mainframe |
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| **HPE** | Alletra 9000/MP | ~3M | 11.8 PBe | <150 µs | 100% data guarantee | InfoSight AIOps; GreenLake |
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| **Infinidat** | InfiniBox SSA G4 | 2.24M | 32.8 PBe | 35 µs | 100% availability | 3-way active; Neural Cache |
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| **Pure** | FlashArray//XL | >4M | 16.3 PBe | <100 µs | 99.9999% | DirectFlash; Evergreen |
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| **Lenovo** | DM7200F | — | 27 PBe | — | — | ONTAP ecosystem; široké portfolio |
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| **Synology** | UC3400 | 690K | 576 TB | — | — | Nejnižší cena za active-active SAN |
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---
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### Výběr storage dle use case
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| Use case | Doporučení | Zdůvodnění |
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|----------|-----------|-------------|
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| **Mainframe + open hybrid** | Hitachi VSP / Dell PowerMax | Jediní s FICON + FC současně |
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| **AI/ML trénování** | Huawei Dorado V7 / Pure //XL | Nejvyšší IOPS, nejnižší latence |
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| **Enterprise DB (Oracle, SQL Server)** | Infinidat / Pure //X | Nízká latence, konzistentní výkon |
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| **Virtualizace (VMware, Hyper-V)** | Dell PowerStore / HPE Alletra 6000 | VAAI, vVols, InfoSight |
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| **SMB / SME** | Synology / Lenovo DE | Nízké TCO, jednoduchá správa |
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| **Object storage / backup** | Pure //C / Lenovo DG / Infinidat Hybrid | QLC ekonomie, vysoká kapacita |
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| **Multi-protocol konsolidace** | HPE Alletra MP / Huawei Dorado | Block + file + object v jedné platformě |
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## Decision diagram — výběr storage platformy
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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Start(["Storage requirement"]) --> PROTO{"Access type"}
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PROTO -->|"Block (SAN)"| BLOCK
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PROTO -->|"File (NAS)"| FILE
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PROTO -->|"Object"| OBJECT
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BLOCK --> BPERF{"Performance tier"}
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BPERF -->|"Tier 0/1<br/>< 100 µs, > 1M IOPS"| BT1["Infinidat / Pure //XL<br/>Huawei Dorado V7<br/>FC-NVMe, NVMe-oF"]
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BPERF -->|"Tier 2<br/>100-500 µs"| BT2["Dell PowerStore / HPE Alletra 6000<br/>Hitachi VSP / Lenovo DM<br/>FC 32G, iSCSI 25GbE"]
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BPERF -->|"Tier 3<br/>SME / low-cost"| BT3["Synology UC3400<br/>Lenovo DE / Dell PowerVault<br/>iSCSI, SAS"]
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BLOCK --> BECOS{"Ecosystem"}
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BECOS -->|"Mainframe"| BMF["Hitachi VSP / Dell PowerMax<br/>FICON + FC současně"]
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BECOS -->|"VMware"| BVM["Dell PowerStore / HPE Alletra<br/>VAAI, vVols, InfoSight"]
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BECOS -->|"Oracle / SQL Server"| BDB["Infinidat / Pure //X<br/>Nejnižší latence"]
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FILE --> FSIZE{"Škálování"}
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FSIZE -->|"Enterprise"| FE["HPE Alletra MP (file)<br/>Lenovo DM / Dell PowerScale<br/>NFS, SMB, multi-protocol"]
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FSIZE -->|"SMB"| FS["Synology DS/RS<br/>Lenovo DE / TrueNAS<br/>Btrfs, NFS, SMB, nízké TCO"]
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OBJECT --> OUSE{"Use case"}
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OUSE -->|"Backup / archive"| OB["Pure //C / Infinidat Hybrid<br/>Lenovo DG<br/>QLC, erasure coding, nízká cena/TB"]
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OUSE -->|"AI/ML data lake"| OM["MinIO / Pure //C<br/>High throughput S3<br/>NVMe direct, erasure coding"]
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OUSE -->|"Kubernetes PVC"| OK["Ceph RBD / Longhorn / Linstor<br/>SDS na K8s<br/>CSI, replication, snapshots"]
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```
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## Zdroje
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Odkazy, knihy a standardy: [sources/infrastructure/sources.md](sources/infrastructure/sources.md)
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### Doporučená literatura
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| Kniha | Autoři | ISBN | Popis |
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|-------|--------|------|-------|
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| Storage Systems | Ganger, Gibson | 978-1680837540 | Učebnice pokrývající návrh, implementaci a provoz úložných systémů — od charakteristik jednotlivých zařízení přes OS, databáze a networking až po distribuce v serverech a large-scale systémech. Nezbytný zdroj pro architekty storage infrastruktury. |
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*Poslední revize: 2026-06-03*
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